汉语 WH-原位语现象的语用预设新解

摘要

在回顾汉语 WH-问句的已有研究———汉语 WH-词逻辑式移位说和 WH-词原位生成说的基础上,运用共同性(common ground)情境的理念,从语义-语用角度对比分析英汉语 WH-特指问句,在话语参与者共同性情境知识的前提下,提出标注词除了带有[＋WH,＋Q]特征外,还有共同性情境特征[＋CG],这一弱特征不能诱使 WH-词移位。这不仅解释了汉语特指问句中 WH-词原位现象,而且也能说明在英语疑问句中也存在这一语言现象的原因。%WH questions have been studied within the framework of PPT,MP and Phase theory,some of which hold that Chinese is WH in situ while some hold that there is wh-movement at LF in Chinese.However, works on Chinese WH-in-situ questions from the perspective of semantic,pragmatic and syntactic are quite few. This paper proposes a minimalist analysis in which a null complementizer with [+CG]features made its [+WH]features weaker,which fails to attract wh-phrases move to [Spec,CP].We therefore hold that if the par-ticipants had Common Ground,it would be possible for the derivation of WH-in-situ questions without Move-ment either in Chinese or English,which also proves that Chinese is WH-in-situ from semantic———pragmatic perspective and Chinese is part of UG as well.