尽心知性知天--从孟子心性论看中国传统思想的内在超越特征

摘要

The inherent characteristics of traditional culture of China has appeared in pre - Qin period,which is made clear by Mencius disposition theory. Mencius disposition theory is the mainstream Confucian theory influencing the Chinese Buddhism nature theory foundly,which is a key factor in the formation of the philosophy and theorization of Song and Ming Dynasties. Therefore,it is significant for us to study inherent characteristics of Mencius disposition in understanding the na-ture of Chinese traditional culture.%内在超越是指人通过把握自己完善的本性而把握对象世界的本性，并扩充、外显、推广这种本性，以期自己在现实社会中实现的价值。中国传统文化的内在超越特征在先秦时期就已经初见端倪，而孟子心性论思想的提出更是使这一特征明朗起来。孟子的心性论是儒学心性论主流，它非常明显地影响了中国佛教诸宗的心性本体论，更是之后的宋明理学形成所不可缺少的一个关键因素。研究孟子的内在超越特征及其影响，对于理解中国传统文化有着重要意义。