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An inquiry into Mencius' moral thinking: Two-level utilitarian interpretation of Mencius' theory of virtue and moral decision.

机译:对孟子道德思想的探究:对孟子的美德和道德决策理论的两级功利主义解释。

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摘要

The aim of the inquiry is to reinterpret Mencius' theory of virtue and moral decision into a form which is more defensible and more promising for future development than previous interpretations. In the course of analysis of Mencius' key concepts and remarks, this inquiry suggests that Mencius' ethical theory as a whole can be labelled "two-level utilitarian virtue ethics". On the basis of this reconstruction, the inquiry clarifies several fundamental issues concerning Mencius' moral thinking, such as Mencius' theory of human nature and his criticism of main opponents, Mo-zi and Yang-zhu, etc.;The method of shu or the Golden Rule is, properly understood, practically equivalent with a utilitarian method of moral decision which can entail both act- and rule-utilitarianism. Applying the act-utilitarian method of moral decision in every situation we encounter does not maximize total preference-utilities, owing to several human handicaps. The most effective way to maximize total preference-utilities in normal situations is to follow conventional rules of li which are selected on a rule-utilitarian ground. However, the act-utilitarian method of moral decision is needed to resolve moral conflicts where any solution device is not found in established conventional rules of li. The method of shu is a sophisticated combination of act-utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism.;The stage of moral decision in accordance with the method of shu is the reflective level of thinking. The stage of intuitive moral decision in normal situations in accordance with well established conventional rules of li is the conventional level of thinking.;According to Mencius, everyone has Heavenly given primitive capacities to do two-level utilitarian moral thinking spontaneously. When these moral capacities are cultivated well, one becomes a virtuous person. Mencius' concept of human nature just indicates the developmental process of primitive moral capacities to full grown virtues.;Mencius' two-level utilitarian virtue ethics shows the fundamental deficiencies of his opponents. Mo-zi's one-level utilitarianism and narrow conception of utility needs to adopt Mencius' moral thinking. Yang-zhu needs to give up his egoistic doctrine on the ground that it fails to meet the requirement of the Golden Rule.
机译:探究的目的是将孟子的美德和道德决策理论重新解释为一种形式,这种形式比以前的解释更具辩护性,并且对未来的发展更有希望。在对孟子的主要概念和言论进行分析的过程中,这一询问表明,孟子的道德理论作为一个整体可以被标记为“两级功利德性伦理”。在此基础上,探究阐明了孟子的道德思想的几个基本问​​题,例如孟子的人性论及其对主要反对者墨子,杨-的批评等。正确地理解,黄金法则实际上等同于一种功利主义的道德决策方法,这种方法可能同时需要行为功利主义和规则功利主义。由于多种人为因素的限制,在我们遇到的每种情况下采用行为-功利主义的道德决策方法并不能使总的偏好-效用最大化。在正常情况下,最大化总偏好效用的最有效方法是遵循以规则功利为基础选择的常规li规则。但是,需要道德行为的功利主义方法来解决道德冲突,在已建立的传统礼规则中找不到任何解决方案的地方。的方法是行为-功利主义和规则-功利主义的复杂结合。;按照的方法进行道德决策的阶段是思想的反思水平。在正常情况下,按照公认的礼力规则建立的直观道德决定阶段就是常规思维水平。根据孟子,每个人都有天赋的原始能力,可以自发地进行两级功利主义道德思维。当这些道德能力得到很好的培养时,一个人就会成为一个品德高尚的人。孟子的人性观恰好表明了原始道德能力向全面发展的美德发展的过程。孟子的两级功利美德伦理表明了对手的根本缺陷。墨子的一级功利主义和狭义的效用概念需要采用孟子的道德思想。杨-需要放弃自己的利己主义,理由是它不符合黄金法则的要求。

著录项

  • 作者

    Moon, Byung-Do.;

  • 作者单位

    University of Hawai'I at Manoa.;

  • 授予单位 University of Hawai'I at Manoa.;
  • 学科 Philosophy.
  • 学位 Ph.D.
  • 年度 1996
  • 页码 247 p.
  • 总页数 247
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

  • 入库时间 2022-08-17 11:49:31

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