自然权利论的困境及反思--中西传统道德结构差异的视角

摘要

Both Human and nature are important concepts in the study of ecological ethics.Identifying the relationship between man and nature is the touchstone to examine the inherence and self-consistency in theory of environmental ethics.In dealing with this relationship, Western non-anthropocentric environmental ethics point out the rights of nature will be a solution, which yet trapped by its theoretical plight.To overcome the western tradition of“Subject-Object Dichotomy” between human and nature, they try to testify the rights of nature through demonstrating the concepts of “equal value” and “holism”, but inner conflicts remain. Comparative study on the structural differences in Chinese and Western ethical tradition, it is not only for pro-viding a new perspective for this dilemma, but for amending it by “living” dimension.%人与自然是生态伦理学研究的重要内容和一对概念，而解答人与自然的关系问题是检验环境伦理思想内在自洽性、合理性的试金石。西方非人类中心主义环境伦理的自然权利论正是在处理这种关系时陷入自身的理论困境，它在论证自然权利的过程中，试图运用“价值平等”以及“整体主义”的范式克服西方人与自然相分离的传统，但都出现了理论的内在矛盾性。中西道德传统结构差异的比较研究，不仅为解读自然权利论困境的症结提供了新视角，还为修正西方人与自然的疏离关系提供“生生”的维度。