海德格尔论教化与真理——对柏拉图洞穴喻的一种生存论解读

摘要

在通常的理解中人们常常把＂教化＂理解为教育,将＂真理＂看作是关于世界的现成的知识,因而教化就是将真理作为一种现成的知识传授给他人。但是在西方人文主义的传统中,教化与教育是两个不同的概念,教化并不是主体对一种客观知识的掌握和传授,它应该在柏拉图的意义上被理解为以某种＂理念＂为原型的＂造形＂,教化本质上是人的存在状态的本质性的转变。海德格尔在关于柏拉图洞穴喻的生存论解读中,对教化与真理的关系作出了深刻的辨析。%People often take the Hellenic concept of Paideia as education,and the concept of Aletheia（Truth,Wahrheit） is usually understood as objective knowledge.But in the tradition of Humanism,Paideia is very different from education,it should be understood as Bildung,its relationship with the Hellenic concept ＂Eidos＂ and the concept of Truth should be concerned.Through Heidegger＇s interpretation of Plato＇s Cave metaphor,we will find that the real meaning of Paideia is a transformation of the essence of human beings.