In recent years, with the rapid development of the economy and the stable improvement of the living standard of citizens, food safety has become an issue that arouses huge public concerns. This paper discussed what responsibility of the main subject of government, enterprise organization, company and public should take in the food safety supervision, and pointed out the problems like unclear responsibility division, lack of precaution and moral consciousness in government supervision. For business, the problems included low-cost when breaking the law, existing disadvantages in internal oversight control and social responsibility awareness which needed to be strengthened. Industry associations and public participation were not enthusiastic. In order to solve the problems above, the government needs to improve the supervision system, keep law and strengthen moral consciousness, intensify efforts to punish and lead in the punitive reparation from the legal perspective. At the same time, the company should pay attention to the internal supervisory control, and do a good job at the internal inspection, evaluation and filing work. The most important is to encourage and guide the industry associations and the public to participate actively, excavating the potential of both in food safety supervision.%近年来，经济高速发展，人们的生活水平稳步提升，人民对食品安全提出了更高的要求。本文从政府、企业、行业协会和公众四方主体对食品安全监管负有的法律责任入手，指出当前政府监管存在一些职责划分不清、事前预防不到位和伦理精神和责任意识缺失的问题；企业违法成本低、内部监督控制存在弊端和社会责任意识亟需加强的问题；行业协会和公众参与积极性不高的问题。针对以上问题，本文提出，政府主体应首先立足于监管体制建设，坚持依法行政，加强问责，同时加强政府伦理责任建设；其次从法律角度，应加大对食品安全违法犯罪行为的惩治力度，增加违法成本，引入惩罚性赔偿；同时企业应重视内部监督控制，做好企业内部的检查、评价和备案工作。重点应鼓励和引导行业协会与社会公众积极参与，挖掘二者在食品安全监督中的监管潜力。
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