社群主义的国家认同与爱国主义教育

摘要

社群主义立基于共同体，重视共善责任，主张国家优先于个人而存在，强调社群、集体及文化等对个人存在的影响。个体归属一定的政治社群，文化认同是国家认同的根基，成员资格是国家认同的前提，是社群主义国家认同观的主要特征。社群主义崇尚爱国主义教育，将爱国视为公民教育不可或缺的美德，期望通过积极参与实践的教育方式，培养公民的爱国行为和爱国情操。不仅如此，社群主义还始终坚持一种拒绝中立形式、理智的爱国主义教育观。%Based on community,communitarianism attaches great importance to the responsibility of the common good and advocates the state prior to the individual and emphasizes the influence of social,col-lective and culture on the existence of individuals.Individuals belong to a certain political community;cul-tural identity is the foundation of national identity;and membership is the precondition of national identi-ty.These are the main characteristics of national identity of communitarianism.Communitarianism uphol-ds education in patriotism,regards patriotic as an indispensable virtue,and expects an educational method to cultivate the patriotic action and patriotic sentiment of citizens by participating in practice actively.In addition,communitarianism also adheres to a form of non-neutral and intelligent patriotic education.