不同杏品种果仁油脂的脂肪酸组成分析

摘要

为研究山西晋中地区不同杏品种果仁中脂肪含量与脂肪酸的组成特点,采用索氏提取、气相色谱分析法分析测定了15个杏品种果仁中的总脂肪含量及脂肪酸组成,结果表明:15个杏品种果仁中共检测出脂肪酸组分10种,总脂肪含量在28.11 ～53.15 g/100 g,其中不饱和脂肪酸占脂肪酸总含量的91.60％ ～95.15％,油酸与总脂肪含量之间呈极显著正性相关且油酸的偏相关系数最大;应用聚类分析可将其划分为“高含油率-高油酸-高亚麻酸”“低含油率-高亚油酸”“高含油率-高油酸-低亚麻酸”杏仁品种类型;根据主成分分析对杏仁的品质进行综合评价,扁杏综合评分最高.扁杏是高含油率-高油酸-高亚麻酸重要种质资源,该结果为杏栽培、育种及产业化的发展提供依据.%Total fat content and fatty acid composition of 15 apricot varieties were determined by Soxhlet extraction and gas chromatography to study the characteristics of fat content and fatty acid composition of different apricot varieties which were planted in Jinzhong Prefecture of Shanxi Province.The result showed as follows:There were 10 kinds of fatty acid composition in 15 apricot kernels.The total fatty accounted for 28.11 ～ 53.15 g/100 g and unsaturated fatty acids accounted for 91.60％ ～ 95.15％ of the total content of fatty acids and the variation coefficient of linolenic acid was the highest while that of palmitoleic acid was the lowest.The 15 different apricot varieties could be divided into "high oil content with high oleic acid and linolenic acid" variety group," low oil content with high linoleic acid" variety group,and "high oil content with high oleic acid and low linolenic acid" variety group.Considering the results of principal component analysis,the flat apricot,which belongs to "high oil content with high oleic acid and linolenic acid" variety group,is the excellent germplasm resources with high comprehensive quality and can provide better theoretical basis for cultivation,breeding and processing of apricot.