黑格尔自我意识概念与主奴辩证法新探

摘要

一般认为，黑格尔《精神现象学》中的主奴辩证法与奴隶操持的物质性劳动对马克思异化劳动理论产生了重要影响。然而在完整的意识经验过程中，包括意识、自我意识、欲望、承认、致死的斗争与主奴关系，以及普遍性自我意识与精神等环节，探求上述内容的真实内涵与理论意义就会发现，在此基础上主张强调它们对马克思异化劳动理论的直接影响是不恰当的，是人本学家或存在论者对黑格尔哲学所做的过度的马克思式发挥。完整的意识经验过程为理解黑格尔这一著名章节提供了更为客观、连贯的理论视角。%It is generally believed that, in Hegel’sPhenomenology of Spirit,the dialectic of lordship-bondage and the material labour held by slaveshave significant influence on Marx’s theory of alienated labour. However, by seeking the true connotation of the content and theoretic significance in the complete experiencing process of consciousness, including the moments of consciousness, self-consciousness, desire, recognition, struggle unto death, relation between lordship and bondage as well as universal self-consciousness, spirit and so on, we will then find that contending over-emphasis on the influence of Hegel’s concepts mentioned above on Marx’s theory of alienated labour is inappropriate. Rather, it is a kind of excessive Marxist over-reading of Hegel’s philosophy made by humanist or ontologist. The complete experiencing process of consciousness provides a more objective and coherent perspective for us to understand this famous chapter in Hegel.