公用事业特许经营风险来源的实证研究--基于行政法学研究视角的考察

摘要

There are many risks in the reform of public utilities franchise,and risk perception is the precondition of the government regulation.The model of "Three Subjects and Four Stages" is the mode of risk perception in administrative law.This paper argues that based on the practice of public u-tilities franchise,study on the subjects of government,franchisee,and consumer can systematically reveal the various risks in the periods of awarding,constructing,operating and transferring.In gener-al,the main sources of public utilities franchise risks include perception risk,policy risk,institutional risk,market risk and force majeure risks.%公用事业特许经营市场化改革中存在着诸多风险，而对风险的认知是政府进行风险规制的前提条件。风险认知模式具有多样性，"三主体、四阶段"模式则是行政法视角中的风险认知方式。基于公用事业特许经营实践，以政府、特许经营者和公众(消费者)三方主体为观察对象，可以系统揭示公用事业特许经营授予期、建设期、经营期和移交期存在的各种风险。总体来说，我国公用事业特许经营期间存在的风险源主要包括意识风险、政策风险、制度风险、市场风险和不可抗力等外力风险五种基本类型。