皇权官僚政治视野下的中国古代考绩制度

摘要

作为连接皇权与官僚制的纽带，考绩制度在中国古代承担了“让皇权政治运转起来”和“让官僚政治运转起来”的双重职能。皇权政治与官僚政治的“支配-依附”关系决定了皇权官僚政治形态下的考绩制度难以摆脱“政绩软约束”困境，主观笼统的考绩标准、形式主义的考绩程序、贯彻不力的考绩执行共同导致了理性官僚制“功绩取向”政绩考核逻辑在中国古代政治中的弱化以至失效。%As a link to imperial power and bureaucracy,the performance appraisal system in ancient China performed the dual functions of keeping imperial politics running and keeping bureaucratic politics running. The dominance-dependence relationships of imperial politics and bureaucratic politics determine made it difficult for the performance appraisal system in the context of imperially bureaucratic politics to get rid of the dilemma of performance soft constraints. Subjective and general appraisal standards, formalist appraisal procedures, and appraisal poorly-implement together cause the weakness and even failure of the merit-oriented performance appraisal system of rational bureaucracy in ancient Chinese politics.