疾病与诗学的对话：从陀思妥耶夫斯基精神分裂审视巴赫金复调诗学

摘要

Bakhtin′s polyphonic theory is a demonstration of his own dialogical philosophy and are at odds with Dostoyevsky′s conceptions of writing.It is a deliberate misinterpretation of Dostoyevsky′s works.Examined from from the perspective of schizophrenia, it can be seen that polyphonic novels contain a myriad of independent voices and consciousnes-ses that reflect Dostoyevsky′s schizophrenic consciousness.Also, the intricate relationships between the characters of the no-vels are not"equal"and"dialogical"as Bakhtin had said, but a confrontation between the Self and the Other due to schizo-phrenia.Bakhtin ignores Dostoyevsky morbid psychology, which results in the limitations of his polyphonic theory.%巴赫金复调理论与陀思妥耶夫斯基自身创作理念存有抵牾。巴赫金的复调理论是其自身对话哲学的一次操演，是对陀思妥耶夫斯基文学选择性的误读。从精神分裂的角度审视复调小说理论，可知复调小说众多的各自独立而不相融合的声音和意识，是陀思妥耶夫斯基身上分裂意识的投射；小说人物之间的关系并不是巴赫金所说的平等、对话的关系，而是分裂形成的他者对自我的挑衅。巴赫金忽略了陀思妥耶夫斯基病态心理，使其理论具有局限性。