大型船舶的"超吃水"问题受到关注,实现对大型船舶吃水深度的流动灵活测量很重要.针对现有船载式船舶吃水测量方法的局限,提出了一种基于声呐微弱回波信号识别的船舶吃水深度离船检测方法.在详细分析声波信号在水体中衰减耗散特性的基础上,提出利用时域相干平均提高信噪比,提取船体微弱回波信号特征的方法.设计了实验方案,搭建了小比尺船模吃水深度试验系统,获取了船舶竖直边缘与曲面边缘回波信号,并通过对数据的时域相干平均处理,显著提高信噪比,通过对5组吃水测量结果的统计分析发现,吃水深度测量的最大相对误差为3.3%,精度较高,证明采用时域相干平均法提高信噪比的思路是可行的.%The problem of large ship's "super draft" has attracted attention,so it is particularly important to realize the flexible measurement of the large ship's draft depth.In view of the limitation of the existing ship's draft measurement methods,this paper presented a method based on the weak echo signal of sonar to detect the depth of ship's draft.This paper proposed a method to extract the characteristics of ship's weak echo signal by means of the coherent average in time domain based on the detailed analysis of the acoustic signals' attenuation characteristics in water.An experiment scheme was designed but a small ruler ship model system for testing ship's draft depth was set up.The ship vertical edge and edge surface echo signal was obtained.Through the coherence average processing in time domain for the data,the signal-to-noise ratio was improved.The 5 group draft measuring results of statistical analysis show that the draft depth measurement has high accuracy of the maximum relative error is 3.3%.It is proved that the method of improving the signal to noise ratio by time domain coherent averaging technique is practical and feasible.
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