优质早生乌龙茶新品种春兰选育研究

摘要

Chunlan, selected from progenies of natural hybrid of Tie Guanyinkept in the germplasm garden of Tea Research Institute,was a newly bred Oolong tea cultivar with early-growth and high-quality. Its vernal plucking usually begin in the middle of April, 10 days earlier than that of Tie Guanyin, closing to that of Huangdan. The results of strain test indicated that,its yield was 93.2% and 250% to compare to that of Huangdan and Tie Guanyin respectively. Its regional tests at two places showed that its average yield was higher than the two control cultivars, ranging from 11.1% to 97.5%, its Oolong tea quality was as excellent as Tie Guanyin with heavy appearance, clear and lasting orchid aroma, rich and tasty taste.The contents of tea polyphenols, water extract, free amino acid and caffeine were 33.94%, 45.51%, 3.86% and 2.83% respectively.Contents of nerolidol and geraniol in the Oolong tea prepared with Chunlan as the raw material were higher than that in the two control cultivars.Both its adaptation to environment and resistance to adverse condition were similar to the control cultivars.%春兰是从福建省农科院茶叶研究所茶树品种资源圃铁观音的自然杂交后代中，经系统选育而成的一个优质早生乌龙茶新品种。该品种春茶开采期一般在4月中旬，与黄旦相近，比铁观音早10d左右，属早生种。品比试验表明，5～8龄茶树4a平均产量分别为黄旦和铁观音的93.2%与250%；区域试验表明，5～7龄茶树3a平均鲜叶产量比对照种高11.1%～97.5%。该品种制乌龙茶品质优异，外形重实，香气清幽细长，兰花香显，滋味醇厚有甘韵，可与铁观音相媲美。茶多酚含量33.94%，水浸出物45.51%，氨基酸3.86%，咖啡碱2.83%，成茶主要香气组分有橙花叔醇、吲哚、香叶醇、α-法呢烯、β-紫罗酮+(z)-茉莉酮等，成茶香气组分中的橙花叔醇、香叶醇高于两个对照种。适应性与抗逆性和对照品种相当，适宜在乌龙茶茶区大面积推广