红花龙胆花色素的提取及性质

摘要

In this study, different solvents were compared for their effectiveness in extracting pigments from flower petals of Gentiana rhodantha Franch. ex Hemsl.. Seventy percent ethanol was found to be the best solvent for the extraction of pigments. The crude pigment extract had maximum absorption at 531 nm and showed a poor tolerance to UV, high temperature, VC, hydrogen peroxide and sodium sulfite. It was not almost affected by glucose, sucrose and citric acid and only slightly affected by Na+, Ca2+and A13+, but Fe2+caused a noticeable hyperchromic effect. The red color of the pigments was maintained at pH levels equal to or less than 3 but completely damaged in neutral or alkaline environments. Based on these results, we speculated that the pigments belong to the class of anthocyanins which contains phenolic hydroxyl groups.%以红花龙胆花瓣为材料，对其花色素进行提取及理化性质研究。结果表明：红花龙胆花色素液在可见光区的最大吸收波长为531nm；以体积分数70%乙醇溶液提取花色素的效果较好；该花色素对紫外线、高温、VC，以及 H2O2和 Na2SO3的耐受性较差，但葡萄糖、蔗糖和柠檬酸对色素溶液几乎无影响；Na+、Ca2+、A13+等金属盐离子对花色素的影响很小，但Fe2+对花色素具有显著增色作用；花色素在pH值小于等于3时保持红色色泽，但中性和碱性环境下其红色色泽被完全破坏。根据研究结果初步推断该花色素为含有酚羟基的花青素。