基于COPERT 4模型的杭州市机动车排气污染特征研究

摘要

Emission factors of vehicle exhaust pollutants(CO,hydrocarbons(HC),NO xand PM2.5)in Hangzhou,2015 were calculated using COPERT 4 model.Vehicle exhaust pollutants emission quantity was also calculated and pollutants contribution rates of different vehicle types with different standards were analyzed.Results showed that with standards elevating,emission factors of pollutants descended.CO and HC emission factors of gasoline vehicles were higher than those of diesel ones;NO xand PM2.5emission factors of diesel vehicles were higher than those of gasoline ones;pollutants emission factors of natural gas vehicles were close to those of gasoline ones;pollutants emission factors of gasoline and electricity vehicles were far more lower than those of other vehicles;pollutants emission factors increased with the size(weight)of vehicles elevating.The emission quantities of CO, NO x,HC and PM2.5were 48 923.0,44 713.7,7 014.7 and 837.9 t,respectively.CO and HC contribution rates of gasoline vehicles were high because those of small gasoline passenger cars were high as well as vehicle number.Thus, controlling small gasoline passenger car number was a way to control CO and HC.NO xand PM2.5contribution rates of diesel vehicles were high because those of heavy duty diesel trucks were high but vehicle number were low.Thus, controlling emission factors of heavy duty diesel trucks was a way to control NO xand PM2.5.%以2015年为基准年,利用 COPERT 4模型计算了杭州市分车型分排放标准下的机动车排气污染物(CO、碳氢化合物(HC)、NO x、PM2.5)的排放因子,并估算了各污染物排放量及分车型分排放标准下的各污染物分担率.结果表明,随着排放标准的提升,机动车排气污染物排放因子总体呈现下降的趋势.汽油车的CO 和 HC排放因子高于柴油车,而柴油车的 NO x和 PM2.5排放因子高于汽油车;天然气车的各污染物排放因子基本接近汽油车,而汽油电混动车的各污染物排放因子则明显低于其他动力车;各污染物排放因子随车型的增大(重)而增大.2015年杭州市机动车排气污染物 CO、NO x、HC 和 PM2.5排放量分别为48923.0、44713.7、7014.7、837.9 t,其中汽油车 CO 和 HC分担率较高主要是因为小型汽油客车CO 和 HC分担率高,并且其保有量占比也高,应重点控制小型汽油客车的保有量;柴油车 NO x和PM2.5分担率较高主要是因为重型柴油货车 NO x和 PM2.5分担率高,但其保有量占比不高,应重点控制重型柴油货车的排放因子.