专业认证制度是指为了保证和提高专业教育质量而对专业进行外部质量评估的体系.一般来说,专业认证制度包括观念系统、主体系统、客体系统、操作系统和标准系统.美国ABET两年制工程技术教育专业的认证制度中,认证的操作系统包含了准备工作的审查、正式认证申请的提交、自我调查、实地考察以及法定程序和认证决定五个步骤.认证的标准系统包括通用标准和专业标准.其中,通用标准包括学生、专业培养目标、毕业标准、持续改进、课程、教师、设施和学校支持八个方面,专业标准通常包括标准适用的范围、培养目标和毕业标准三个方面.从ABET两年制工程技术教育专业认证的主体系统、操作系统和标准系统来看,这一专业认证制度内在地坚持了下述观念:高等学校承担着保持和提高学术质量的首要职责;高等学校的自主性是保持和提高学术质量的关键;认证的主要目的是为质量决策提供信息,以帮助专业改进质量;成果导向和以学生为中心的认证理念;产教融合的理念;可持续发展的理念.ABET两年制工程技术教育专业认证制度对我国高职教育专业评估制度建设提供了重要启示和借鉴.在理念上,要树立尊重学校办学自主权和以促进专业改进为目的的观念.在主体上,应有完全独立的第三方机构开展专业评估.在标准上,应完整理解成果导向的理念,并完善评估标准.在程序上,应借鉴ABET经验,建构一套评价对象深度参与的完整程序.%Program accreditation institution refers to the external quality evaluation system for the purpose of ensuring and improving the quality of professional education. Generally speaking, program accreditation institution includes idea system, subject system, object system, operating system and criterion system. In the program accreditation institution of American ABET two-year engineering technology education, the accreditation operating system includes five steps: the review of preparation work, submit the request for evaluation, self-study, onsite visit., and due process and the accreditation decision. The criteria for accrediting engineering technology programs includes general criteria and program criteria. General criteria include eight aspects: students, program educational objectives, student outcomes, continuous improvement, curriculum, faculty, facilities and institutional support. Program criteria usually include three aspects: applicability, objectives and outcomes. From the perspective of subject system, operating system and criterion system, program accreditation institution inherently adheres to the following ideas: higher education institutions bear the primary responsibility of maintaining and improving academic quality; The autonomy of higher education institutions is the key to maintain and improve academic quality; The main purpose of accreditation is to provide information for quality decision-making to help institutions improve quality; Results-oriented and student-centered certification philosophy; The idea of the integration of industry and education; The concept of sustainable development. The program accreditation institution of ABET two-year higher education provides important inspiration and reference for the construction of program evaluation system of higher vocational education in China. In the aspect of idea, we should set up the concept of respecting the school autonomy and promoting the program improvement. In the aspect of subject, there should be a completely independent third party to carry out program evaluation. In terms of standards, the concept of results-oriented should be fully understood and evaluation criteria should be improved. In terms of procedure, ABET experience should be used for reference to construct a complete evaluation procedure with in-depth participation of evaluation objects.
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