Both microRNA(miRNA) and long noncoding RNA(lncRNA) fall within the category of noncoding RNA.MiRNA is a 20-24 nt long,highly conserved,single-stranded noncoding RNA.MiRNA can specifically bind to the 3' untranslated region of target mRNA, induce the transcript degradation or translation inhibition, and eventually impact the biological functions of the cell, such as proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Whereas lncRNA is an over 200 bp long, single-stranded, noncoding RNA, which can regulate the important biological processes, such as cell division, growth, differentiation and apoptosis. Research has demonstrated that the abnormal expression of miRNA or lncRNA may result in disruption of normal lens development, apoptosis of lens epithelial cells, disarrangement of lens fibrocytes and treduced lens transparency, thereby causing cataract. This review summarizes the effects and the mechanisms of 7 miRNAs(miR-184,miR-204,let-7,miR-29,miR-16,miR-125b,miR-34a)and 2 lncRNAs (lncRNA-MIAT, LOXL1-AS1) during lens development and cataract formation, in the hope that it could provide insights for the novel interventional and therapeutic targets to cataract.%微小RNA(miRNA)和长链非编码RNA(lncRNA)均属于非编码RNA.miRNA是一段由20~24个核苷酸组成的高度保守单链非编码RNA,其可以特异性结合目标mRNA的3'非翻译区,从而诱导目标mRNA降解或抑制其翻译,最终影响细胞增殖、分化以及凋亡等生物功能.lncRNA是一段长度大于200 bp的单链非编码RNA,其可调节细胞分裂、生长、分化以及凋亡等重要的生物学过程.研究表明miRNA或lncRNA的异常表达可导致晶状体正常发育过程紊乱,晶状体上皮细胞凋亡,纤维细胞排列混乱,晶状体透明度降低,从而导致白内障发生.本文主要总结7种miRNA(miRNA-184、miRNA-204、let-7、miRNA-29、miRNA-16、miRNA-125b、miRNA-34a)以及两种lncRNA(类赖氨酰氧化酶1的反义RNA1、心肌梗死相关转录本)在晶状体发育和白内障形成中的作用机制,为临床寻找白内障防治的新靶点提供思路.
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