目的 探讨北京市医务人员职业压力源水平、特征及其相关因素.方法 应用自行设计问卷对北京市5所三级综合医院2 460名医务人员进行调查.结果 三级综合医院医务人员的压力源排序前10位的是工作责任重、风险大,工作量大,工资待遇低,医疗管理体制问题,人员配备数量不足,各类检查考核频繁,医患关系紧张,物价上涨因素,经常加班超时工作,继续学习压力;认为职业压力中度及以上的占95.2%;不同年龄、性别、婚姻状态、职称、学历、工作年限及不同单位、科室、专业、职务等对职业压力的影响均有统计学意义.结论 应结合人口学特征与压力特点针对性地开展压力管理,采取有效措施缓解医务人员的工作压力,保持员工身心健康,提高工作效率与组织凝聚力.%Objective To explore the status, characteristics and factors in relation to occupational stress for medical staffs in tertiary general hospitals. Methods A total of 2460 medical staff were sampled in five tertiary general hospitals in Beijing, with their occupational stress levels evaluated with the Occupational Stress Inventory. Results The top ten stressors as found ranked as heavy duty, high risk exposure, high workload, low wages, setbacks in the health care management system, insufficient staffing, excessively frequent inspections and examinations, strained doctor-patient relationship, price inflation, frequent overtime, and pressure from continuous learning. Occupational stress is seen as moderate and above by 95.2% of the surveyed. Differences in age, gender, marital status, professional title, education, work experience, as well as those of different organizations, departments, professions, and duty were found to be statistically significant in regard of professional stress. Conclusions Stress management should be in place targeting demographic and stress characteristics. Effective measures are recommended to alleviate the pressure on medical staff, in order to maintain their physical and mental health, hence improving their work efficiency and organizational cohesion.
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