对我国高速铁路因轮轨匹配问题而导致轮轨接触位置不良、动车组构架横向加速度超限报警、动车组异常抖动、钢轨波磨、道岔直尖轨非工作边疲劳裂纹等的具体成因进行研究,并主要从轮轨接触关系、等效锥度、轮轨匹配、钢轨打磨、道岔直尖轨处理等方面提出对应的解决方案.结果表明:车轮型面与60钢轨廓形不匹配导致了轮轨接触位置不良,采用60N钢轨可使轮轨的接触位置居中;按设计的钢轨廓形或60N钢轨廓形进行钢轨打磨,可以有效降低轮轨的等效锥度,从而抑制动车组异常抖动和构架横向加速度超限;采用GMC96-B型和GMC96-X型钢轨打磨车打磨产生的钢轨周期性磨痕波深较大时,容易发展成钢轨波磨,而采用大机打磨可有效治理钢轨波磨;道岔直尖轨非工作边因未倒棱且长期承受应力集中作用是造成其产生疲劳裂纹的根本原因,可采用倒圆和组合断面轨面修型处理,有效控制直尖轨非工作边的疲劳伤损.%Poor contact position,the lateral acceleration alarming of EMU bogie frame,abnormal vibration,rail corrugation as well as fatigue cracks at the non-working side of straight switch rail are major existing problems at wheel-rail interface of high speed railway in China.To solve these problems,analysis and discussion are done to find their causes and solutions.Research about wheel-rail contact relationship,equivalent conicity,wheel-rail matching,rail grinding and the treatment of straight switch rail helps to propose corresponding solutions.Results show that,poor contact position occurs as the mismatching between wheel profile and the 60 kg · m-1 rail profile,and using 60 N rail profile can make the wheel-rail contact position in the center of the rail.To reduce the equivalent conicity of wheel-rail,thereby inhibiting the abnormal vibration of EMU and lateral acceleration overrun of bogie,the rail profile should be grinded as the designed profile or 60 N rail profile.The rail corrugation will easily develop as the depth of grinding wave is large by using GMC96-B and GMC96-X rail grinding vehicle,and using the machine grinding can effectively control the corrugation.Fatigue cracks formed at the non-working side of straight switch rail due to long-term stress concentration and not chamfering of the edge,and it can be effectively controlled by rounding the edge and the modification of combination section of rail profile.
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