不同钢轨廓形下高速铁路轮轨型面匹配

摘要

为了分析不同钢轨廓形对我国高速铁路轮轨型面匹配的影响,针对高速铁路线路上使用的CHN60、60N 和60D钢轨廓形,基于经典迹线法、三维非赫兹滚动接触理论及车辆-轨道耦合动力学,分别研究了不同钢轨廓形与高速车轮LMA型面匹配时的轮轨接触特性和车辆动力学性能.研究结果表明:不同钢轨廓形下,轮轨接触几何关系有较明显的差异;在不同轮对横移量下,CHN60钢轨的轮轨接触应力比另外两种钢轨廓形小;当轮对横移量为6 mm时,CHN60钢轨对应的轮轨接触状态最优,其接触斑面积最大,且接触应力分布较为均匀;不同钢轨廓形对车辆的临界速度及曲线通过能力影响较大,60D钢轨与LMA型面匹配时车辆的临界速度约为763 km/h,为三者中最高,但CHN60钢轨与LMa型面匹配时车辆的曲线通过性能最好,相应的轮轨横向力最大值3.584 kN,轮对横移量最大值3.35 mm,是三者中最小.%In order to analyze the influence of different rail profiles on the wheel-rail profile matching of high-speed railway in China,the classic track line method,the 3D non-Hertz rolling contact theory and the vehicle-track coupling dynamics are used to address the profile matching issue between the LMA wheel tread and rails with different profiles,such as types CHN60,60N and 60D,by analyzing the wheel-rail contact characteristics and the vehicle dynamic performance.The results show that the wheel-rail contact geometry relationship differs with different rail profiles.In whatever cases of wheelset lateral displacements,the wheel-rail contact stress in the CHN60 rail will be smaller than that with the other two rail profiles.When the wheelset lateral displacement is 6 mm,an optimal wheel-rail contact state is achieved in the CHN60 rail,in which the contact spot area is the largest and the contact stress distribution is uniform.In addition,rail profile has a big influence on the critical speed and curve passing performance of a vehicle.The critical speed of the vehicle is about 763 km/h when the 60D rail is matched with the LMA wheel tread,which is the highest of the three.The maximum wheelset lateral force and displacement with the CHN60 rail are 3.584 kN and 3.35 mm,respectively,the smallest of the three,implying that the CHN60 rail owns the best curving passing performance.