微碱条件生物酶法提取大鲵肝脏油脂及其脂肪酸组成分析

摘要

The Andrias davidianus liver oil was extracted by the method of micro alkali enzymatic hydrolysis from Andrias davidianus liver.The effects of pH,ratio of material to liquid,dosage of enzyme,enzymatic hydrolysis time and enzymatic hydrolysis temperature were discussed and the optimal parameters were obtained by single-factor experiment and orthogonal experiment.In addition,the fatty acid composition of the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography.The results indicated that the optimal extraction conditions of Andrias davidianus liver oil were obtained as follows:enzymatic hydrolysis time 3 h,dosage of alkaline protease 1 500 U/g,ratio of material to liquid 1 ∶ 2,pH 7 and enzymatic hydrolysis temperature 30 ℃.Under these conditions,the extraction rate was 81.67％.There were totally twelve kinds of fatty acids in Andrias davidianus liver oil with their contents as follows:C18∶1 24.51％,C16∶0 21.74％,C16∶1 13.02％,C18∶3(ω-6) 12.61％,C18∶2 6.18％,C18∶3(ω-3) 4.04％,C22∶6 3.51％,C22∶0 3.45％,C14∶0 2.97％,C20∶4 2.83％,C24∶0 2.65％,C18∶0 2.48％.And there were 33.29％ of saturated fatty acids (SFA),66.70％ of unsaturated fatty acids(UFA),37.53％ of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA),and 29.17％ of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA),and the contents of ω-6 PUFA and ω-3 PUFA were 21.62％ and 7.55％ respectively.The research indicated that the Andrias davidianus liver had a high nutritional valve and considerable potential for lipid exploitation.%以大鲵肝脏为原料,采用微碱条件生物酶法提取大鲵肝脏油脂.通过单因素试验及正交试验,研究了pH、料液比、加酶量、酶解时间、酶解温度对提取率的影响,确定了大鲵肝脏油脂提取的最佳工艺参数,并用气相色谱对其脂肪酸组成进行分析.结果表明:大鲵肝脏油脂的最佳提取条件为酶解时间3h、碱性蛋白酶加酶量1 500 U/g、料液比1∶2、pH 7、酶解温度30℃,在该工艺条件下大鲵肝脏油脂的提取率为81.67％;大鲵肝脏油脂中主要含12种脂肪酸,分别为C18∶1 24.51％、C16∶0 21.74％、C16∶1 13.02％、C18∶3(ω-6)12.61％、C18∶2 6.18％、C18∶3 (ω-3)4.04％、C22∶63.51％、C22∶0 3.45％、C14∶0 2.97％、C20∶4 2.83％、C24∶0 2.65％、C18∶0 2.48％,其中饱和脂肪酸(SFA)占33.29％,不饱和脂肪酸(UFA)占66.70％,单不饱和脂肪酸(MUFA)占37.53％,多不饱和脂肪酸(PUFA)占29.17％,具有保健功能作用的ω-6型PUFA为21.62％,ω-3型PUFA为7.55％.研究表明大鲵肝脏具有较高的营养价值和脂质开发潜力.