舍饲散栏有窗奶牛合温热环境的年动态研究

摘要

The objective of this study was to investigate the annual dynamic of thermal environment of dairy cowshed in free stall-feeding with window.Through continuous detection of the dairy cowshed for 12 months of air temperature,relative humidity and wind speed,the annual variations in these 3 parameters were analyzed.The results indicated that the indoor air temperature was high at noon and low in both the morning and evening,while the opposite tendency in the relative humidity was observed.The indoor air temperature was above 25 ℃ for 7.5 to 10 h daily in summer,especially in June,the indoor air temperature was higher than outdoor air temperature.In December,the indoor wind speed was almost 0 m/s.From the comprehensive index analysis,during the period of 09 ∶ 30 ～ 19 ∶ 30 in summer,the temperature humidity index (THI) was above 72,which made dairy cows suffer from mild heat stress.The wind chill temperature (WCT) was not below-10 ℃ in winter,and the dairy cows did not suffer from cold stress.In conclusion,not only heatstroke prevention in summer but also ventilation enhanced in winter for this dairy cowshed should be paid more attention.%为研究寒区奶牛舍温热环境的年动态变化,试验选择河北省承德市某规模化奶牛场一栋散栏有窗奶牛舍,连续12个月监测舍内外的气温、相对湿度和风速并分析其规律.结果表明,全年奶牛舍内、外气温均表现为中午高、早晚低的规律性变化,相对湿度则表现出相反的规律.夏季(6～8月)每天有7.5～10 h舍内气温高于25℃,且在6月出现了舍内气温高于舍外气温的现象.12月舍内风速几乎全天为0 m/s.从综合指数分析,夏季每天09:30～19:30(10 h)舍内温湿指数(THI)均超过72,奶牛处于轻度热应激状态;冬季的风寒温度(WCT)均未低于-10℃,奶牛不遭受冷应激.综合以上结果,对于寒区散栏有窗奶牛舍,夏季应加强防暑降温措施,冬季加强通风换气.