北京、重庆和深圳城市空间增长绩效比较研究

摘要

In order to control urban sprawl,reduce the travel time of the residents for service and explore the best way of spatial growth,this study constructed a model of performance on urban spatial growth based on the concept of compact ratio and equilibrium degree.Three large cities with different grades and terrains were selected to analyze the performance of urban spatial growth from 2012 to 2016.The study found that the areas of urban and rural in Beijing gradually integrated into a whole,and the urban spatial form of Shenzhen evolved into a pattern of multi-center group,whlie the urban spatial form of Chongqing stayed compact in comparison.In the period of 2012-2016,the amount of urban sprawl of Beijing was maximum,and the speed of Shenzhen was fastest,while Chongqing improved remarkably on the allocation of community-level service centres.Compared with the performance of urban spatial growth,the city-level compact ratio of Chongqing was highest,while the one of Beijing was lowest.In compare with community-level compact ratio,the index of Shenzhen was highest,and the one of Beijing was lowest.The indicator of Beijing was lowest on the city-level equilibrium degree,and the figure of Chongqing was lowest on the community-level equilibrium degree.%基于城市空间结构紧凑度和均衡度的概念构建城市空间增长绩效模型,遴选北京、重庆和深圳3个城市等级和地形迥异的大城市,分析其在2012-2016年的空间增长绩效.结果表明:北京的城乡区域逐渐融成一体,深圳的城市空间形态演变为多中心组团式的格局,而重庆的城市空间形态则相对紧凑.在此期间,北京的城市蔓延状况最严重,深圳的城市蔓延速度最快,而重庆则在社区级服务中心的配置上改善明显.空间增长绩效上,市区级紧凑度重庆最高,北京最低;社区级紧凑度深圳最高,北京最低;市区级均衡度北京最低,社区级均衡度重庆最低.