基于GIS与RS的北京城市空间增长及其形态演变分析

摘要

利用遥感影像监督分类技术，分析了1991－2011年间北京市建成区空间增长态势及其形态演化。研究发现：1．建成区面积增长远快于常住人口增长，呈现空间蔓延态势，以城区边缘增长、沿交通廊道增长和开发区增长为主；2．空间形态上出现了外围轮廓紧凑度下降、最大斑块指数上升和建成区景观分离度下降的演化趋势，不利于北京多中心城市的形成和发育。上述问题可从土地利用模式、城市空间布局、交通优化等方面提出应对策略。%By the application of the RS supervised classification technology, the trend of spatial growth and form evolution built-up area of Beijing from 1991 to 2011 is studied in this paper.The results show that: (1) The increase of the built-up area in Beijing is much larger than that of the resident population growth with a spatial extension, of which there are three types of growth patterns:growth along the urban edge, growth along the transportation corridor and growth of the development zone;(2) The spatial form of built-up area shows the decrease of the compactness ratio, the increase of the largest patch index, and the decrease of the landscape division index, which is not conducive to the formation and development of multi-center city.In the paper, some countermeasures to the problem are put forward from the perspective of land use pattern, urban space layout, traffic optimization, and etc.