3种干食用菌中汞、砷、铅、镉重金属的污染的检测与评估

摘要

The concentrations of four heavy metal elements Hg, As, Pb and Cd in three kinds of dried edible fungi,Lentinus edodes, Auricularia auricula and Tremellafuciformis sampled in Zhejiang trading market were detected and their pollution situations were investigated and evaluated. The results showed that enrichment abilities to an element were different among three edible fungi. According to an average value of concentrations of As element, the order from high to low in four fungi was Lentinus edodes ＞ Auricularia auricular ＞ Tremella fuciformis. The order from high to low of Pb concentrations was Auricularia auricular ＞ lentinus edodes＞ Tremellafuciformis. The order from high to low of Cd concentrations was Lentinus edodes＞ Tremella fuciformis ＞ Auricularia auricular. The order from high to low of Hg concentrations was Auricularia auricular ＞ Lentinus edodes ＞ Tremella fuciformis. Four heavy metal concentrations were different in one dried edible fungus. In Lentinus edodes, the order from high to low was Cd ＞ As ＞ Pb ＞ Hg, in Auricularia auricular was Pb ＞ As ＞ Cd ＞ Hg and in Tremella fuciformi was Cd ＞ Pb ＞ As ＞ Hg. According to the National Standards of China( Hygienic standard for edible fungi GB 7096-2003, Maximum levels of contaminants in foods GB 2762-2005, nuisanceless food edible fungi NY5095-2006, hygienic standard for tremella fuciformis berk GB 11675-2003), the impermissible levels of Cd in three edible fungi were higher. The metal pollution on three edible fungi by single factor contamination index and complex factors index were evaluated. Finally, the causes of impermissible levels and the pollution situation for heavy metal pollution in dried edible fungi were analyzed. Some advice and suggestion were proposed in this paper.%通过对浙江农贸市场、超市的香菇、黑木耳以及银耳等3类干食用菌中Hg,As,Pb,Cd 4种重金属含量进行实地抽样检测及污染评估.结果表明:不同的食用菌对同一重金属的富集能力是有差异的,食用菌中平均含As量为干香菇＞黑木耳＞银耳;平均含Pb量为黑木耳＞干香菇＞银耳;平均含Cd量为干香菇＞银耳＞黑木耳;平均含Hg量为黑木耳＞干香菇＞银耳.同一种食用菌对不同的重金属的富集能力也不同,干香菇的重金属平均含量为Cd＞As＞Pb＞Hg;黑木耳的重金属含量为Pb＞As＞Cd＞Hg;银耳的重金属含量为Cd＞Pb＞As＞Hg.根据目前食用菌的国家强制性判定标准(食用菌卫生标准GB 7096-2003、食品中污染物限量GB 2762-2005、无公害食品食用菌NY5095-2006以及银耳卫生标准GB11675-2003),食用菌中Cd容易超标.同时通过单因子污染指数法和综合因子污染指数法来评估食用菌的重金属污染状况.