论唐代省试诗的传奇化∗

摘要

The Poems in Tang Dynasty′s Imperial Examinations are elegant and dignified in both content and aesthetic style when viewed as a whole, but there exists something novel and fantastic at the same time. Legendary element had appeared not only in the po⁃em topics of the generalized Imperial Examinations in Tang Dynasty, but also in the poems of the imperial civil Examinations which in⁃carnated the national will, in which fairy stories and myths was set as writing subjects. There are multiple reasons for this. Firstly, it′s a need of singing the praises of the ruling class, which was the same as the previous dynasties. Secondly, it reflects the influence of Ta⁃oism in the national will. Thirdly, it is significantly affected by cultural atmosphere of legends and short stories of the Tang Dynasty. E⁃ven though the legendary tendency of the Poems in Tang Dynasty′s Imperial Examinations did not become mainstream like the theme of classical and historical works, this phenomenon is a breakthrough of traditional proposition and it reflects an open mind and innovative spirit of the Poems in Tang Dynasty′s Imperial Examinations.%唐代省试诗内容与审美风格虽以雅正庄肃为主，但同时存在着新异骇怪的现象。不仅在广义的省试诗中有传奇化命题情形，而且在体现国家意志的科场试诗中也出现了传奇化元素。神仙故事、传奇异闻均成了省试诗写作对象。省试诗出现传奇化的原因，首先是出于对皇家歌功颂德的需要，其次体现出道家文化在国家意志中的位置，此外还明显受到唐传奇文化氛围的影响。虽然省试诗的传奇化并未成为传统，但这一新气象的出现是对传统命题范式的拓展与突破，表现出唐代省试诗创作的开放心态和革新精神。