构建新型外向型汉英词典微观结构,改善汉英双语词典中文化信息的呈现

摘要

目前，国外学习汉语的热情日益高涨，但是广大汉语学习者在学习汉语之余却面临这样一个问题:可供选择的外向型双语词典非常有限。国内目前外向型双语词典并不多见。在经过几十年的摸索之后，国内双语词典编纂者依然在探索编纂能满足广大国外汉语学习者汉语学习需要并有效体现中国文化信息的双语字典。
　　本文就双语词典中体现文化信息的必要性从跨文化交际、词典评价和弘扬民族性三个角度进行阐释。在结合前人研究的基础上，总结分析了目前国内外向型汉英词典的发展现状并研究分析国外汉语学习者对汉英词典的整体期望。从宏观结构到微观结构，双语词典处处洋溢着文化信息。文章接着分析了《汉英词典》、《新世纪汉英大词典》和《新时代汉英大词典》三部词典如何在微观结构中体现文化信息，并对比研究了三部词典微观结构在呈现文化信息上的相似和不同。以此为基础，笔者在目前国内出现的多种大型汉字听写大赛和对外汉语研究的启示下，本着节约词典空间的原则，探讨了如何在保持现有外向型汉英词典微观结构大框架不动的情况，通过适当增加一些元素和局部变化来更好地在微观结构中体现文化信息，并拟出一个新型的微观结构。该新型微观结构突出了在微观结构中加入偏旁部首信息和笔顺笔画信息的重要性，和词目词繁体的不可或缺性。强调例证应文化气息和生活气息并融，标注应尽量全面化，注释要简洁并突出文化性。提倡给文化特定词提供插图，适当使用意义单一的次词目用作词目词例证的做法。为了证明该新模型的可行性，作者依此新模型拟出了“褒”、“谬”和“禽”的微观结构作为例证。
　　当然，由于作者的知识局限，本文仍存在不少不足之处。缺乏第一手经验是最大的弱点。外向型双语词典的发展还处在一个初级阶段，但是笔者相信在更多的专家、学者、词典编纂家和对外汉语教学者的合力攻关之下，我们必将能编纂出值得我们骄傲的外向型双语词典。

目录

声明

摘要

List of abbreviations

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

1．1 Relationship between culture，language learning and bilingual dictionaries

1．2 Current situation of CEDs designed for FLCs and users’ needs investigation

1．3 Reasons for selecting the topic and organization of the present thesis

Chapter 2 Presentation of cultural information in macro-structure and micro-structure

2．1 Necessity of presenting cultural information in CEDs designed for FLCs

2．1．1 Facilitating intercultural communication

2．1．2 Criteria for judging a dictionary

2．1．3 Exhibiting nationality

2．2 Cultural information in macro-structure

2．2．1 Entry-selection

2．2．2 Front matter and back matter

2．2．3 Brief comments on the macro-structures of ACED，NCCED and NACED

2．3 Cultural information in micro-structure

2．3．1 Definition

2．3．2 Illustrative examples

2．3．3 Pictorial illustrations

2．3．4 Etymology，labels and cultural notes

Chapter 3 Analysis of cultural information in the micro-structures of ACED，NCCED and NACED

3．1 Cultural information in the micro-structure of ACED

3．1．1 Pinyin

3．1．2 Definition

3．1．3 Illustrative examples

3．1．4 Notes

3．1．5 Pictorial illustrations，etymology，abels and cross-reference

3．2 Cultural information in the micro-structure of NCCED

3．2．1 Pinyin

3．2．2 Definition

3．2．3 Illustrative examples

3．2．4 Labels

3．2．5 Pictorial illustrations，etymology and notes

3．3 Culturai information in the micro-structure of NACED

3．3．1 Pinyin

3．3．2 Definition

3．3．3 Illustrative examples

3．3．4 Labels

3．3．5 Pictorial illustrations，etymology and notes

3．4 Comparison and critical review of the models of the micro-structures of ACED，NCCED and NACED

Chapter 4 Suggestions for better presentation of cultural information in micro-structure of CEDs designed for FLCs

4．1 Radical information and stroke order

4．2 Culturalized and close-to-life illustrative examples

4．3 Labels

4．4 Cultural notes

4．5 Pictorial illustrations

4．6 Etymology

4．7 A new model of micro-structure in CEDs designed for FLCs

Chapter 5 Conclusion

Appendix 1：‘‘褒’’，‘‘谬’’ and ‘‘禽’’ in NCCED

Appendix 2：‘‘褒”，‘‘谬’’ and “禽’’ in NACED

Appendix 3：‘‘褒”，‘‘谬’’ and ‘‘禽’’ in ACED

References

Acknowledgments