We report observation of electron emission from individual carbon nanotubes. Two classes of emitters are observed, one emitting electrons with momentum nearly parallel to the nanotube axis, the other emitting electrons with nonzero momentumperpendicular to the tube axis. The emission pattern reflects the electronic structure of a particular tube and allows us to distinguish between structurally different nanotubes. These nanotube emitters exhibit excellent macroscopic emission properties;they can operate at a very large current density, as high as 4 A/cm{sup}2. At electric fields as low as 4-7 V/μm, they emit technologically useful current densities, e.g. 10 mA/cm{sup}2. The emission characteristics and durability of the carbon nanotubecold cathodes offer promising applications for vacuum microelectronic devices.
展开▼
机译：我们报告了从单个碳纳米管的电子发射的观察。观察到两类发射器，一个发射电子，其动量几乎平行于纳米管轴，另一个发射电子，其中非零动量垂直于管轴。发光图案反射特定管的电子结构，并允许我们区分结构不同的纳米管。这些纳米管发射器具有出色的宏观发射性能;它们可以以非常大的电流密度操作，高达4A / cm {sup} 2。在低至4-7 V /μm的电场，它们发出技术上有用的电流密度，例如， 10 mA / cm {sup} 2。碳纳米烃座阴极的发射特性和耐久性为真空微电子器件提供了有希望的应用。
展开▼
