摘要：
为准确掌握肾俞穴的定位以提高针刺疗效,本文从肾俞穴的功能特点、解剖结构、实验研究、临床应用等方面进行了考证与探讨,以期对同仁将来的动物实验、临证选穴有所裨益.大鼠的脊椎特点与人体的脊椎特点有所不同,做动物实验进行穴位定位时,若将人体的解剖特点生硬地应用于动物身上,必将影响实验的可靠性及真实性.肾俞穴属足太阳膀胱经穴,位于第2腰椎棘突下旁开1.5寸处,内应肾脏,若针刺过深及反复提插,则会刺中肾脏等结构,引起针刺意外.因此,定位大鼠"肾俞"穴时,可根据大鼠的髋结节来确定第6腰椎,然后向上顺摸4个椎体,或先摸到第9~11胸椎这3个紧凑的棘突,定位最下方的为第11胸椎,然后向下顺摸4个椎体,即为第2腰椎,旁约5 mm处即是"肾俞"穴临床施针肾俞穴时,手法应轻柔,不可向外斜刺,直刺进针最深深度可达1.6寸(约4.30 cm),进针以直刺或45°角向脊柱方向斜刺0.8~1.2寸(2.00~3.10 cm)为宜,如遇到过瘦或过胖之病患,为了安全,针刺的深度亦应作适当调整.%In order to accurately understand the location of Shenshu (BL 23) and to improve the efficacy of acupuncture, a discussion is performed in this paper from aspects of acupoint function, anatomical structure, experiment research, clinical application, etc., hoping to provide benefit for future animal experiments and clinical selection of acupoint. The characteristics of rat spine is different from that of human, and the reliability and authenticity of acupoint location would be compromised if the anatomical characteristics of human was inflexibly applied on animals. "Shenshu" (BL 23) belongs to the bladder meridian of foot taiyang, and is located 1.5 cun lateral to the lower border of the spinous process of the second lumbar vertebra. It is close to kidney, therefore deep insertion or repeated lifting and thrusting of needle would damage kidney and causes acupuncture accident. Therefore, to locate "Shenshu" (BL 23) in rat, the 6th lumbar vertebra is located firstly based on tuber coxae of rat, and then 11th thoracic vertebra is located by upward 4 vertebral bodies or locate 9th to 11th thoracic vertebra which are tight, and finally 2nd lumbar vertebra is located by downward 4 vertebral bodies, and "Shenshu" (BL 23) is 5 mm lateral to it. During clinical treatment, the technique should be gentle; oblique and outward insertion of needle is not allowed; the maximum depth of needle insertion is 1.6 cun (approximately 4.30 cm); the vertical or oblique insertion with needle 45° towards spine is appropriate; the depth of 0.8 to 1.2 cun (2.00 to 3.10 cm) is suitable. In cases of too thin or fat patients, the depth of needle insertion should be adjusted for safety.
