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Socio-Spatial Differentiation in the Sustainable City: A Mixed-Methods Assessment of Residential Gardens in Metropolitan Portland, Oregon, USA

机译:可持续城市中的社会空间分异:美国俄勒冈州波特兰市大都市住宅花园的混合方法评估

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摘要

As cities take center stage in developing and brokering strategies for sustainability, examining the uneven distribution of green infrastructure is crucial. Urban agriculture (UA) has gained a prominent role in urban greening and food system diversification strategies alike. Despite that it is the preeminent form of food production in North American cities, residential gardening has received little scholarly attention. Moreover, research on the intra-urban variability of home gardens is sparse. In this paper, we use a mixed-methods approach to assess the scale and scope of residential gardens in Portland, Oregon, a metropolitan region renowned for its innovations in sustainability. Using a combination of mapping, spatial regression, and a mail survey, we compare residential UA and the characteristics and motivations of gardeners in two socioeconomically differentiated areas of Portland and one of its major suburbs. Results demonstrate that engagement in UA is differentiated along both spatial and socioeconomic lines, with more educated respondents engaging for environmental reasons and more lowincome respondents relying on their gardens for food security. We contextualize our findings within broader urban processes, e.g. reinvestment in the urban core and displacement of poverty to the periphery. For policymakers, our results suggest the need for sustainability messaging that is sensitive to a variety of motivations and that resonates with a diverse population. For a city to reach a broader population, it may need to reframe its sustainability goals in new ways, while attending to the structural constraints to food access that cannot be resolved through local food production alone.
机译:随着城市在制定和促进可持续发展战略中占据中心位置,研究绿色基础设施分布不均至关重要。城市农业(UA)在城市绿化和粮食系统多样化战略中都发挥了重要作用。尽管它是北美城市中主要的食品生产形式,但住宅园艺很少受到学术界的关注。此外,对家庭花园的城市内部可变性的研究很少。在本文中,我们使用一种混合方法来评估俄勒冈州波特兰市住宅花园的规模和范围,俄勒冈州波特兰市以其可持续性创新而闻名。通过将地图绘制,空间回归和邮件调查相结合,我们比较了波特兰及其主要郊区之一的两个在社会经济上有所不同的地区的居民UA以及园丁的特征和动机。结果表明,UA的参与在空间和社会经济方面均有所不同,受教育程度较高的受访者出于环境原因而参与,而更多低收入受访者则依靠其花园来保障粮食安全。我们在更广泛的城市流程中(例如,在城市核心地区进行再投资,将贫困人口转移到边缘地区。对于政策制定者,我们的结果表明需要可持续发展的信息传递,这种信息传递对各种动机敏感,并能引起不同人群的共鸣。为了使一个城市能够覆盖更广泛的人口,它可能需要以新的方式重新设定其可持续发展目标,同时要注意只能通过当地粮食生产无法解决的粮食获取的结构性限制。

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