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The Effect of Perceptual Sensitivity on Face Recognition Abilities in Individuals with Autism: An Eye Tracking Study

机译:知觉敏感性对自闭症患者面部识别能力的影响:一项眼动研究

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摘要

Research demonstrates that individuals with autism process facial information in a different manner than typically developing individuals. Several accounts of the face recognition deficit in individuals with autism have been posited with possible underlying mechanisms as the source of the deficit in face recognition skills. The current study proposed a new account that individuals with autism are less sensitive at perceiving configural manipulations between faces than typically developing individuals leading to their difficulty recognizing faces. A change detection task was used to measure perceptual sensitivity to varying levels of configural manipulations involving the eye and mouth regions. Participants with and without autism, matched on chronological age, verbal IQ, performance IQ, full scale IQ, visual acuity, and gender, studied upright and inverted faces in a delayed same/different face recognition test. An eye tracker recorded eye gaze throughout the experiment. Results revealed a significant group difference with respect to detection accuracy. The control group was more accurate at detecting subtle changes between upright faces than the autism group, particularly with manipulations to the spatial relation of eyes. Furthermore, an analysis of detection accuracy within groups revealed that a greater proportion of participants in the control group were better at detecting differences at subtler levels of spatial manipulations. Eye tracking results revealed a significant group difference in number of fixations to relevant vs. irrelevant areas of interest; however, both groups utilized eye information more than mouth information to detect changes in both upright and inverted faces. Furthermore, there was some indication that eye gaze differed within groups, with a small proportion of individuals in both the autism and control groups demonstrating a bias to look more toward the mouth than eyes. Results are discussed with respect to featural vs. configural processing in autism and the use of eye vs. mouth information in face processing strategies by individuals with autism.
机译:研究表明,自闭症患者处理面部信息的方式与通常发展个体不同。自闭症患者面部识别缺陷的几种说法已被认为可能是潜在的机制,是面部识别技能缺陷的根源。当前的研究提出了一个新的观点,即自闭症患者在感知面部之间的配置操作方面不如通常发展为导致其难以识别面部的个体敏感。变化检测任务用于测量对涉及眼睛和嘴巴区域的各种配置操作水平的感知敏感性。有自闭症和无自闭症的参与者,按年龄,语言智商,表现智商,全面智商,视敏度和性别相匹配,在延迟的相同/不同面部识别测试中研究了直立和倒立的面孔。眼动仪记录了整个实验过程中的视线。结果表明,在检测准确性方面存在显着的群体差异。对照组比自闭症组在检测直立面孔之间的细微变化方面更准确,尤其是对眼睛空间关系的操纵方面。此外,对组内检测准确度的分析表明,对照组中更大比例的参与者更擅长检测微妙水平的空间操纵差异。眼动追踪结果显示,在相关或不相关的关注区域中,注视的数量存在显着的群体差异;然而,两组都比眼睛信息更多地利用眼睛信息来检测直立和倒立面部的变化。此外,有迹象表明,各组的眼睛注视有所不同,自闭症和对照组中的一小部分人表现出比眼睛更偏向嘴巴的偏见。讨论了有关自闭症的特征性处理与构形处理以及自闭症患者在面部处理策略中使用眼对口信息的结果。

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