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Prospective analysis of the influence of sport and educational factors on the prevalence and initiation of smoking in older adolescents from Croatia

机译:前瞻性分析体育和教育因素对克罗地亚年龄较大的青少年吸烟率和开始吸烟的影响

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摘要

The prevalence of smoking among Croatian adolescents is alarmingly high, but no previous study has prospectively examined the sport- and academic-factors associated with smoking and smoking initiation. This study aimed to prospectively examine the associations between scholastic (educational) achievement and sport factors and smoking in 16- to 18-year-old adolescents. This twoyear prospective cohort study included 644 adolescents who were 16 years of age at baseline (46% females). Baseline testing was implemented at the beginning of the 3rd year of high school (September 2014) when participants were 16 years old. Follow-up testing was completed at the end of the fourth year of high school, which occurred 20 months later. The evaluated predictor variables were educational-achievement- and sport-related-factors. The outcome variables were (i) smoking at baseline; (ii) smoking at follow-up; and (iii) smoking initiation over the course of the study. We assessed the associations between predictors and outcomes using logistic regression models adjusted for age, gender, socioeconomic status, and conflict with parents. The educational variables were consistently associated with smoking, with lower grade-point-average (Baseline: odd ratio (OR): 2.01, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.61–2.55; Follow-up: 1.59, 1.31–1.94), more frequent absence from school (Baseline: OR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.19–1.69; Follow-up: 1.30, 1.08–1.58), and lower behavioral grades (Baseline: OR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.10–2.89; Follow-up: 1.57, 1.03–2.41) in children who smoke. Adolescents who reported quitting sports were at greater odds of being smokers (Baseline: 2.07, 1.31–3.32; Followup: 1.66, 1.09–2.56). Sport competitive achievement at baseline was protective against smoking initiation during following two-year period (0.45, 0.21–0.91). While the influence of the educational variables on smoking initiation has been found to be established earlier; sport achievement was identified as a significant protective factor against initiating smoking in older adolescents. Results should be used in development of an anti-smoking preventive campaign in older adolescents.
机译:克罗地亚青少年吸烟率高得令人震惊,但以前的研究均未对吸烟和吸烟引发的体育和学术因素进行前瞻性研究。这项研究旨在前瞻性研究16至18岁青少年的学业(教育)成就和运动因素与吸烟之间的关联。这项为期两年的前瞻性队列研究纳入了基线时16岁的644名青少年(女性占46%)。基线测试是在高中三年级(2014年9月)开始时进行的,当时参与者只有16岁。后续测试在高中四年级结束时完成,该测试发生在20个月后。评估的预测变量是受教育程度和与运动有关的因素。结果变量为(i)基线吸烟; (ii)随访时吸烟; (iii)在研究过程中开始吸烟。我们使用针对年龄,性别,社会经济状况以及与父母之间的冲突进行调整的逻辑回归模型,评估了预测因素与结果之间的关联。教育变量始终与吸烟相关,平均分数较低(基线:奇数比(OR):2.01,95%置信区间(CI):1.61-2.55;随访:1.59,1.31-1.94),放学的频率更高(基线:OR:1.40,95%CI:1.19-1.69;随访:1.30,1.08-1.58),行为成绩较低(基线:OR:1.80,95%CI:1.10-2.89;随访:吸烟儿童为1.57,1.03–2.41)。报告戒烟的青少年吸烟的几率更大(基线:2.07,1.31-3.32;随访:1.66,1.09-2.56)。基线的体育竞赛成绩在接下来的两年中可以防止吸烟(0.45,0.21-0.91)。虽然早已发现教育变量对吸烟的影响已经确立;运动成绩被认为是防止青少年吸烟的重要保护因素。研究结果应用于发展老年青少年的预防吸烟运动。

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