Prevalence and Lifestyle Risk Factors of Overweight and Obesity Among Indonesian Adolescents: An Analysis of Global School-Based Health Survey 2007 and 2015

摘要

The prevalence of overweight and obesity has doubling globally including Indonesia. Adolescence is a golden period of nutritional intervention in the lifecycle. Objective: This study aimed to examine the prevalence and to identify the associated factors of over nutrition among Indonesian adolescent based on the GSHS data. Methods: This study was a secondary analysis using the GSHS data. Data were collected from 2,343 students (2007) and 11,124 students (2015) which selected based on a two-state cluster sample design. Self-administered questionnaire and anthropometric measurements were conducted as part of data collection. Over nutrition status was obtained from BMI classification based on the International Obesity Task Force (IOTF) cut off. Multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the risk factors of overweight and obesity. Results: The prevalence of adolescent overweight and obesity was 8.2% (CI95% 6.0-11.2) on 2007 and 14.2% on 2015 (CI95% 12.7-15.8). From the 2007 GSHS, the overweight and obesity associated factors were food insecurity (AOR: 2.00; 95%CI: 1.04-3.84), not walking or biking activity to/from school (AOR: 2.12; 95%CI: 1.47-3.06) and more sitting activities more than 3 hours (OR: 1.42; 95%CI: 1.05-1.93). Based on the 2015 GSHS data, factors associated to over nutrition were fruit consumption (AOR: 0.83; 95%CI: 0.72-0.94) and similar finding on the sitting activities. Sitting activity more than 3 hours a day was strongly associate with overweight and obesity (OR: 1.35; 95%CI: 1.16-1.57). Interventions to physical activity, healthy diet and behavioral changes were still needed as over nutrition control strategies for Indonesian adolescents.