Alcohol and Highway Safety: Screening and Brief Intervention for Alcohol Problems as a Community Approach to Improve Traffic Safety. Technology Transfer Series.

摘要

This report reviews the current state of knowledge on Screening and Brief Intervention (SBI). It specifically addresses the rationale for addressing at-risk drinkers, defines SBI, provides examples of how it is implemented, and describes some of the outcomes and implications of using SBI, including its effects on traffic safety. Only a small fraction of the impaired drivers who are at a high risk for alcohol-involved crashes are arrested. These include drivers who drink regularly or occasionally to intoxication before they drive. Researchers have estimated the probability of being arrested while driving while intoxicated (DWI) with a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) over .10 g/dL to be about 1 in 200. A similar study reported that only 23% of drivers admitted to trauma units and emergency departments following alcohol-involved crashes are convicted of DWI. Thus it is important to develop countermeasures that make these high-risk drivers aware of their crash risks and to provide assistance.