Benefits and Costs of Distance Learning: A Perspective from the Distance Learning Literature Since 1995

摘要

The purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the DL literature from 1995 to present and to identify the latest trends and issues in DL. Specific areas reviewed included evaluations of training effectiveness relative to traditional classroom instruction, cost effectiveness and potential cost savings, and course design or redesign requirements for DL courses. There was also an attempt to find research related to initial skills acquisition using DL, since initial skill learning is different from the learning required by advanced students. Findings included that the effectiveness of technology-based DL is dependent on the quality of the course materials, the skills of the instructor to create effective learning situations, learning skills of the student, and the quality of the equipment, technical Support, courseware and the technology used. A significant up-front investment is required for DL, both in technology and in instructional design and instructor preparation. Courses need to be redesigned to take into account the inherent design advantages (or disadvantages) of the new technology over the old technology. The requirements for initial skills training vary from refresher training requirements. One of the primary benefits of DL for Army training may well be the increased readiness of our troops due to the potential of being able to train troops anywhere in the world, at anytime, and just-in-time. With distance learning, skills can be trained, retrained, and refreshed with expediency.