Dual-sensitive HRE/Egr1 promoter regulates Smac overexpression and enhances radiation-induced A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell death under hypoxia

摘要

The aim of this study was to construct an expression vector carrying the hypoxia/radiation dual-sensitive chimeric hypoxia response element (HRE)/early growth response 1 (Egr-1) promoter in order to overexpress the therapeutic second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (Smac). Using this expression vector, the present study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying radiotherapy-induced A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cell death and apoptosis under hypoxia. The plasmids, pcDNA3.1-Egr1-Smac (pE-Smac) and pcDNA3.1-HRE/Egr-1-Smac (pH/E-Smac), were constructed and transfected into A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells using the liposome method. CoCl2 was used to chemically simulate hypoxia, followed by the administration of 2 Gy X-ray irradiation. An MTT assay was performed to detect cell proliferation and an Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate apoptosis detection kit was used to detect apoptosis. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were used for the detection of mRNA and protein expression, respectively. Infection with the pE-Smac and pH/E-Smac plasmids in combination with radiation and/or hypoxia was observed to enhance the expression of Smac. Furthermore, Smac overexpression was found to enhance the radiation-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of cycle arrest and apoptosis. The cytochrome c/caspase-9/caspase-3 pathway was identified to be involved in this regulation of apoptosis. Plasmid infection in combination with X-ray irradiation was found to markedly induce cell death under hypoxia. In conclusion, the hypoxia/radiation dual-sensitive chimeric HRE/Egr-1 promoter was observed to enhance the expression of the therapeutic Smac, as well as enhance the radiation-induced inhibition of cell proliferation and promotion of cycle arrest and apoptosis under hypoxia. This apoptosis was found to involve the mitochondrial pathway.