Are all 'ultra-processed' foods nutritional demons? A commentary and nutritional profiling analysis

摘要

Background: There has been a growing body of literature published on ultra-processed foods (UPF). This has been driven by an ambiguous definition that can be easily applied to observational work. Nutritionally, UPF have been given the umbrella label of being "energy-dense, high in unhealthy types of fat, free sugars and salt and poor sources of protein, dietary fibre and micronutrients" (Monteiro et at, 2018). Unfortunately, such overarching statements are imprecise and not necessarily reflective of all modern food products.