座観式日本庭園における空間認知特性と印象度の分析

摘要

枯山水では、アイレベルにある[石][近木][刈込]が印象度が高く、次に地面に広がる[白砂]が高くなり、色や素材の変化があるもの同士で印象度は高くなる。池泉式では、[池]の印象度が最も高く、次にそれに付随するアイレベルの高さにある[石][橋]等が高くなる。視点場から正面の位置に特徴的な樹木(近木)を植えた場合、[近木]の方が[池]より印象度は高くなる。両庭園とも、「印象•誘導，存在感」を強く与える要素に印象度が高くなり、「遮り、圧迫感」のする要素には印象度が低くなる。また、ダイナミック感は「印象•存在感」にも「遮り•圧迫感」にもつながり、印象度との相関は見られない。%When human recognizes a landscape through vision, they see the different view from what actually is. The objective of this study is to reveal structure and tendency of the Spatial cognition properties which are common in humans. Recently, both environment and landscape became interesting themes among people. Therefore, it will be beneficial for the architectural design to clarify Spatial cognition properties. In the study, I investigate Japanese Zakanshiki gardens. I performed a field work and analyzed Spatial cognition properties with the grid analytical method and Impression Scale that is the method of measuring the impression through the indication method experiment. To form the Analyzing Impression Scale, the strength and weakness of the impression of the elements in the garden and the psychological influences that the elements give are classified. In addition, based on the drawings of the garden by the viewers, the field of visions, and focusing points of one's eyes are clarified, and through thire correlation with the results of the Indicatin Experiments, the Spatial cognition properties were analysed. From this research, it is clarified that there are three significant factors which cause the differences between the real opening view and the scene of Spatial cognition properties.