专家与新手运动表象过程中的脑电变化特点研究

摘要

Motor imagery is a mental training methods widely used in training and competition,and it＇s an indispensable field in sport psychology as well.From the perspective of psychophysiology,electroencephalography（EEG） was adopted as the main method of this study in order to explore the characteristics of EEG change in motor imagery process of the difference between expert athletes and novice.The results suggested： During the experiment,it was found that there was no difference between the brain neurology activeness of experts and novice under relaxed condition.No advantage was seen in either left or right hemisphere.During the motor imagery,the different position between expert and novice appeared with movement-related areas,significant differences of δ wave frequency were found left frontal pole、left central and left parietal,α wave frequency were shown left central lobe 、parietal lobes and left occipital lobe,In β wave frequency,significant differences appeared in right parietal,the cortical activation was distributed in the left.Compared with relaxed condition,α wave power percentage in visual motor imagery decreased and increased in kinesthesia motor imagery%运动表象是运动员在训练和比赛中广泛使用的一种非常有效的心理训练方法,也是研究者十分关注的重要研究主题。研究采用EEG来对运动表象进行测量,从心理生理学的角度探索专家与新手之间的差别,研究得出：专家与新手之间安静状态下大脑的神经活跃程度相似,并未因训练不同而产生差异。在运动表象过程中大脑左右半球并没有出现大脑侧性优势。运动表象时专家与新手的差异性出现与运动相关的区域,δ波在左额极区（FP1）、左中央区（C3）、左顶区（P3）;α波在左中央区（C3）和左顶区（P3）、右顶区（P4）和左枕区（O1）;β波在右顶区（P4）存在显著性差异,其皮层激活在左侧区域分布广泛。运动表象过程中α波增加而不是受到抑制,在视觉表象中出现α波抑制。