结果高度、留芽量及叶幕厚度对“厂”形赤霞珠果际微环境和果实品质的影响

摘要

[Objective] In this article,the effects of fruit set height,shoot density and canopy thickness on microenvironment around berry and fruit quality of Cabernet Sauvignon with ‘厂’hape training structure were studied by L9 (3') orthogonal test design in the hope of providing a theoretical basis for choosing canopy man-agement standards for wine grape in the northern piedmont producing area of Tianshan mountains.[Method] 5a old Cabernet Sauvignon was taken as the testing materials,L9 (34) orthogonal test design was used,3 factors such as fruit set height(A),shoot density (B)and canopy thickness (C) were set and each factor had 3 levels (A:30 cm,50 cm,80 cm;B:25,20,15 bud/m;C:100 cm,80 cm,60 cm),altogether 9 treatments.The temperature,humidity and spectral composition around berry were investigated during the berry veraison,the weight of berry,number of seed,pericarp weight/berry weight,seed weight / berry weight,soluble solid,titratable acid and tannin were measured during the mature period.[Result] Fruit set height,shoot density and canopy thickness influenced the fruit quality through the changing temperature,humidity and spectral composition around berry.Among them,the fruit set height was the main influence factor on spectral composition around berry,soluble solid and titratable acid.The content of soluble solids and titration acid were the highest when the height was set at 50 cm.The content of tannin and fruit was mainly affected by the shoot density,so 25 bud/m shoot density produced the highest value.Canopy thickness was the main influence factor on the number of seed and seed weight/berry weight,so when the thicknes was 80 cm,more number of grains would be fouind.[Conclusion] The order of the influence on berry quality from high to low is fruit set height,canopy thickness and shoot density,among which,the fruit set height 50 cm,canopy thickness 80 cm and shoot density 25 shoot/m have produced the best berry quality.%[目的]研究结果部位高度、留芽量及叶幕厚度等叶幕管理措施对“厂”形树形赤霞珠葡萄果际微环境及果实品质的影响,为天山北麓产区酿酒葡萄叶幕管理标准的确定提供理论依据.[方法]以5a生“厂”形树形赤霞珠葡萄为研究对象,采用L9(34)正交试验设计,设置主蔓结果部位高度(A)、留芽量(B)、叶幕厚度(C)3因素,3水平(A:30 cm,50 cm,80 cm;B:25,20,15芽/m;C:100 cm,80 cm,60 cm),共9个试验处理;果实转色期分别测定果际温度、湿度、光谱组成等微环境指标,果实成熟期测定粒重、籽粒数、皮果比、籽粒/果重、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、单宁品质指标.[结果]结果部位高度、叶幕厚度、留芽量等因素通过影响果际温度、湿度、光环境等微环境因素进而影响浆果品质,其中结果部位高度对果际光环境、浆果可溶性固形物和可滴定酸影响较大,高度为50 cm时浆果中可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量最高;单宁含量和皮果比主要受留芽量影响,留芽量25芽/m时单宁含量最高,籽粒数和籽粒重/粒重主要受叶幕厚度影响,叶幕厚度为80 cm时籽粒数较多.[结论]影响浆果品质的主次顺序依次为结果部位高度、叶幕厚度、留芽量;其中结果部位高度为50 cm、留芽量25芽/m、叶幕厚度为80 cm时叶面积指数适宜,浆果品质最佳.