从就业能力到创业能力:大学课程的挑战与应对

摘要

高等教育向创业转移是中国高等教育发展的重要趋势.为加强高等教育与工作世界紧密联系,应以创业能力发展为中心重新界定高等教育的基本目标.创业是一种职业环境最不确定条件下的就业,通过创业能力的发展可以很好地解决毕业生的就业技能与职业实际需求不相匹配的问题.调查研究发现:创业能力聚焦于通用能力、社会技能和个性发展等方面的内容,也包括信息技能、经济管理、外语等方面的能力.创业者的教育准备相对不足,中国大学的学习环境和课程提供不能满足学生创业能力发展的要求.在发展创业能力目标的指引下,中国大学课程要做战略性变革:一是以通用能力培养为目标,二是以实践为导向,三是重视跨学科学习,四是专业课程通识化.%The shift of the focus of higher education from employability to entrepreneurial ability is an important trend in China.In order to strengthen the connection between higher education and the labor market,the basic goal of higher education should be redefined centering on the development of entrepreneurial ability.Entrepreneurship is a kind of employment under the most uncertain career environment. The development of entrepreneurial ability can solve the problem that graduates'employment skills do not match the actual needs of the labor market.A survey study found that entrepreneurial ability includes general ability,social skills and personality development,as well as information skills, economic management skills,foreign language skill,and other abilities.The education preparation of entrepreneurs is relatively inadequate,and the learning environment and curriculum offered by China's universities cannot meet the requirements of students'entrepreneurship development.To achieve the goal of developing entrepreneurship,China's university curricula should make strategic changes:first, take cultivating general ability as the goal;second,enhance the practical orientation in curriculum; third,emphasize on interdisciplinary learning;and fourth,make the major-related curriculum focusing more on general abilities.