初始禀赋、资源配置、教育扩展与教育公平--关于教育不平等影响因素实证研究的述评

摘要

降低教育不平等是世界各国政府和社会关注的民生问题，不但在社会学和教育学界一直备受关注，在经济学界近年来也成为研究热点。本文旨在通过评述有关教育不平等影响因素的实证研究，从初始禀赋、教育资源配置和教育扩展三方面阐明它们对教育不平等的影响作用，并在此基础上提出目前该领域研究的主要问题以及可继续研究的方向。对导致教育不平等的根源的研究，有利于政府切实具体地从各因素入手来减少教育差距、增加教育公平，从而减少收入差距、促进经济发展，这对保障社会公平、构建社会主义和谐社会具有十分重要的意义。%Reducing educational inequality has always been a critical concern of almost every govern-ment and society in the world.It has long been an important research topic in Sociology and Pedagogy, and has become an increasingly popular topic in Economics as well.This paper first reviews various em-pirical studies on the determinants of educational inequality from three aspects:endowment,resource allocation in education,and educational expansion.It further explores maj or problems with current studies and provides suggestions for future research.Finding out causes of educational inequality helps governments make appropriate and effective policies that can efficiently reduce educational gap and im-prove educational equality,and thus reduce income inequality and increase economic growth.It also has significant policy implications for securing social equality and promoting social harmony.