不同浓度高渗盐水对颅脑创伤后颅内高压患者的疗效观察

摘要

目的 观察不同浓度的高渗盐水(HS)及20%甘露醇对中重型颅脑创伤患者的降颅压效果.方法 采用随机数字表法将60例中重型颅脑创伤患者分为7.5%HS组、3%HS组及20%甘露醇组,每组患者各20例.3组均按照颅脑创伤诊疗规范接受常规治疗,当颅内压(ICP)超过20 mmHg且持续时间达到5 min以上时,给予相应的高渗脱水治疗.连续监测3组患者治疗前及治疗后6 h内ICP、平均动脉压(MAP)、脑灌注压(CPP)、每小时尿量、血钠浓度情况.结果 7.5%HS组、3%HS组及20%甘露醇均能降低ICP(P<0.05),但7.5%HS的起效时间、ICP降低幅度及有效降压时间均好于3%HS及20%甘露醇组(P<0.05);7.5%HS及3%HS均能升高MAP及CPP,对血钠浓度无明显影响,但其利尿作用弱于20%甘露醇.结论 快速静脉滴注7.5%HS能显著降低中重型颅脑创伤患者的ICP,提高MAP,增加CPP,且无明显并发症,是一种安全有效的治疗创伤后颅内高压的药物.%Objective To study the effects of different concentrations of hypertonic saline (HS) and 20%mannitol on decreasing intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with moderate-sever traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods A total of 60 patients were randomly assigned into 7.5%HS group, 3%HS group and 20%mannitol group, 20 patients in each group. All of patients were treated with conventional treatment according to the diagnostic and treatment practices of TBI. When ICP was above 20 mmHg for more than 5 minutes, patients were administered corresponding hypertonic dehydrator. The levels of ICP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP), urine volume per hour and serum sodium were monitored continuously within 6 hours after the initiation of therapy. Results All agents could significantly decrease the ICP (P<0.05), but the onset time in 7.5%HS group was less than that of the other two groups (P<0.05), and the decreased magnitude of ICP and the effective time of decreasing ICP in 7.5%HS group were more than those of the other two groups (P < 0.05). Both 7.5%HS and 3%HS could increase MAP and CPP. There was no statistical difference in serum sodium between both groups , but the diuretic effect in both groups was worse than that of 20%mannitol group. Conclusion The rapidly infusion of 7.5%HS could significantly decrease the ICP, increase the MAP and CPP without obvious side-effect in patients with moderate-sever TBI, and which is a safe and effective therapy for intracranial hypertension after traumatic brain injury .