The indoor model tests on single piles without cap and single piles with cap were designed to investigate the stress characteristics of single piles under vertical load and the load transfer regularity,and the finite element simulation based on ABAQUS software was carried out,the correctness of the finite element model was verified by the indoor test and the in-situ prototype test.The test results indicate that when the cap pile is applied to the deep soft foundation treatment,it can effectively control the settlement deformation and improve the bearing capacity of foundation;due to the existence of the pile cap,the pile in the range of 0 ～ 0.6 time of the pile diameter produces negative friction,the axial force of pile increases gradually,beyond 0.6 time of the diameter of the pile,the axial force of the pile decreases gradually with the increase of the depth,the size of the negative skin friction depends on the nature of the soil under the pile cap;the influence of the pile cap on the lateral frictional resistance of the pile is 3.4 times of the pile diameter,under the influence of the pile cap,the lateral frictional resistance of the capped pile is larger than that of the pile without cap,beyond the influence range of the pile cap,the pile side frictional resistance of the cap pile and the pile without cap are the same;the cap diameter ratio has significant influence on the working performance of the cap pile,it can control the final settlement of the pile and the size of the axial force of the pile,confirmes the best cap diameter ratio is 3.%根据相似性原理,利用自制试验箱,通过设计无帽单桩、带帽单桩的室内模型静载试验,研究了在竖向荷载作用下无帽单桩、带帽单桩的受力性状及荷载传递规律,并进行了基于ABAQUS软件的有限元模拟分析.结果表明:桩帽能够有效控制桩身沉降变形并提高地基承载力;由于桩帽的存在,桩身在0 ～0.6倍桩径深度范围内产生负摩阻力,负摩阻力的大小取决于桩帽下土体性质;桩帽对桩侧摩阻力的影响范围为3.4倍的桩径深度;帽径比对带帽桩工作性能影响显著,确定了最佳帽径比为3.
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