目标定向理论是社会认知理论之一，其研究主要集中于确定哪些行为因素会影响人的主观能力，这种主观能力又如何影响人的后继行为。目标定向理论将目标定向分为两类，一类是任务定向，即在完成一项任务的过程中，强调的重点是任务本身，自己和自己比较；一类是自我定向，考虑的主要是个人能力水平，自己和他人比。为了考查不同目标定向对锻炼自我效能的影响，本研究选取60名低体育活动者，按性别、目标定向干预内容分为4组，采用混合实验设计。因变量为锻炼自我效能，组间变量为不同目标定向（任务定向、自我定向）干预方式、性别，组内变量为时间间隔（每隔5分钟对被试实施目标定向干预）。研究结果显示：1）任务定向干预比目标定向干预有利于提高体育活动参与者的锻炼自我效能，并促进锻炼的参与性及坚持性；2）至少实施干预5次，才能显现干预效果；3）目标定向的干预效果不存在性别差异。%Goal orientation theory is a social cognitive theory,which focuses on what factors decided a person’s subjective ability,and how the subjective ability influences the next behavior. There are two orientations involved in the theory. One is task orientation and the other is ego orientation. Task - oriented individuals feel most successful when they experience personal improvement that they believe is due to their hard work and effort. An ego orientation is associated with the belief that success is a function of how well a person performs relative to other people. In order to study the effects of different goal orientations on exercise self -efficacy,60 lower physical activity participants were selected and divided into 4 groups by gender and intervention style. The dependent variable is exercise self - efficacy. The between-group variables are intervention styles and gender. The within - group variable is time. The results show that 1 ) the task orientation intervention is more useful in improving the participants’exercise self - efficacy than ego intervention;2)the effects appear at least after the 5th intervention;3)there are no significant differences of the intervention between male and female.
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