“文学是人学”的现代阐释

摘要

After the new ages the queries and explanation about“Literature Is Humanism”are inter-twined together and arouse many arguments. Arguments about the proposition’s academic logic, from the perspective of Ecological Literature and about the different explanation of Humanism, all bring us enlightenment, furthermore, need more discussions. Dilemma of humanistic spirit in today’s soci-ety reveals a new explanation to the proposition. On the one hand seeking freedom and transcen-dence is human nature, on the other hand literary aesthetics reveals human freedom. Therefore, free-dom of human and literature is interlinked with each other. This is a perspective of literary value. Writers achieve freedom and transcendence by production of literature and readers by their literary imagination. This is the exact meaning of“Literature Is Humanism”.%新时期以来对“文学是人学”这个命题的质疑与阐释相互缠绕，引起了不同范围的论争。对这一命题学理逻辑的质疑与阐释，从生态文艺学角度提出的自然与人之关系的质疑与阐释，以及对于命题中“人学”理解的歧义与争论等，都既具有启发意义又值得进一步商榷。现代社会人文精神的困厄向我们昭示了新的阐释之维：一方面，追求自由与超越是人的生命本性；另一方面，文学以审美的方式显现着人的自由性，因此人的自由与文学的自由性具有内在的同一性。这是一个文学价值论的维度，从这个维度来理解文学，作家以审美创造的方式实现超越和追求精神自由，而读者则通过文学作品，以审美想象的方式实现超越并获得自由，“文学是人学”的意义正在于此。