轮轨噪声是列车主要噪声源之一，而车轮振动声辐射是轮轨噪声的重要组成部分。施加阻尼措施能够有效地降低车轮的振动及声辐射。根据轮轨滚动噪声理论，采用有限元-边界元方法，建立标准车轮以及对应阻尼车轮有限元、边界元模型，以等效轮轨粗糙度作用力为激励，研究施加喷涂阻尼和约束阻尼后车轮振动声辐射特性，调查了不同厚度（1 mm～5 mm）阻尼对车轮减振降噪效果的影响。数值计算结果表明：在轮轨等效粗糙度名义滚动圆接触点径向激励下，采用喷涂式阻尼处理，当材料厚度为2 mm时，降噪效果达到最佳，与标准车轮相比降低2 dB(A)。采用层状约束型阻尼处理，约束层固定为1 mm时，当阻尼层为2 mm，降噪效果最好，与标准车轮相比降低3 dB(A)。%The wheel/rail noise, especially the sound radiation from the wheel, is one of the main noise sources of the track. It is well known that the damping can effectively reduce the vibration and sound radiation level of wheels. In this work, a hybrid model of finite element method and boundary element methods (FEM-BEM) is developed to investigate the effects of the sprayed-damping and constraint- damping of the wheels. The equivalent roughness of the wheel/rail is employed as the excitation at the nominal contact position. It is found that the sprayed-damping wheel with a 2 mm thick damping layer has the best noise reduction effect. It can reduce the sound power level (SPL) of the noise by 2 dB(A) in comparison with the standard wheel. For the constraint layer of 1mm thickness, the optimum thickness of the sprayed damping layer is found to be 2 mm. It can reduce the SPL by 3 dB(A) in comparison with the standard wheel.
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