基于CFD和声学有限元法的抗性消声器性能研究

摘要

Reactive mufflers are generally evaluated by their aerodynamic performance and acoustical performance. In this paper, the CFD method was used to simulate the pressure distributions in the flow fields of three specified reactive mufflers with different structures. The pressure losses for the three mufflers were obtained. The results were compared with those by the semi-empirical formula. The aerodynamic performances of the three reactive mufflers were analyzed, and the suitability of the semi-empirical formula was evaluated. The AFEM (acoustic finite element method) was applied to calculating the transmission losses of the three reactive mufflers, and their acoustic performances were qualitatively analyzed and verified. This study provides helpful references for the structural optimization design and the performance improvement for reactive mufflers.%空气动力学性能和声学性能是用来评价抗性消声器优劣的主要指标。针对管道消声中常用的抗性消声器，利用计算流体动力学（CFD）方法模拟三种不同结构抗性消声器内部流场的压强分布特性，获得抗性消声器的压力损失，并与半经验公式的计算结果进行对比，分析不同结构抗性消声器的空气动力学性能以及半经验公式法的适用性；利用声学有限元方法对三种结构抗性消声器的传递损失进行计算，定性地分析和验证三种抗性消声器的声学性能。研究结果可为抗性消声器的结构优化设计和综合性能的提高提供参考。