比例原则的正当性拷问及其“比例技术”的重新定位——基于“无人有义务做不可能之事”的正义原则

摘要

以＂无人有义务做不可能之事＂正义原则对比例原则进行反思,通过案例揭示比例原则的＂结果导向性＂：一方面,比例原则对行政机关的苛求有可能违反该正义原则;另一方面,行政机关也可能利用比例原则的＂结果导向性＂逃逸违法惩罚。合理性原则与比例原则具有共同本质,并可克服比例原则的这一缺陷。比例原则性质上更接近规则属性,可定位为附属合理性原则之下作为其辨识工具的＂比例技术＂,以帮助合理性原则通过行政诉讼法＂滥用职权＂标准的司法适用。%Castigates proportionality principle based on justice rule of "No one has obligation to do the impossible things".Clarifies the "result-orientation" of proportionality principle through two cases:on hand,on the over-demand of proportionality principle may break this justice principle,on the other hand,the administration organ may use the "result-orientation" of proportionality principle to escape the legal duty.Rationality principle and proportionality principle have the same essence,and it can overcome this defect.The proportionality principle is nearer to rule characteristic,and should be oriented as proportionality technique,affiliating to the rationality principle as an identification tool to help realizing the rationality principle judicial application with abuse of power standard.